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G, How to Buy and Sell Cordwood. Printer-friendly version of this page. Use our feedback form for questions or comments about G Search MU Extension publications. One of the first questions wood burners ask about wood is "How much per cord? Both the buyer and seller must agree and understand the procedure.

Many people who buy cordwood for their home wood stoves admit they don't understand the transfer process.

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Some dealers talk in terms of a "rick," a "rank" or a "pickup load. Sometimes the definitions vary from dealer to dealer and from locality to locality. For example, in most sales, no procedure of transfer even exists. The dealer dumps the pickup load in the yard at a designated point, collects the fee from the buyer, and moves on.

We would like to think that most dealers are honest and the transaction is fair. But this is no way to run a business. The wood dealer may profess to sell a half cord, but he probably never measures it. Neither the dealer nor buyer knows with any degree of accuracy how much merchandise passed in the transaction.

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The growing cordwood industry appears to be operating without an equitable method of sale in many instances. Despite the lax procedures frequently followed, cordwood must, by law, be sold by the cord or fractional part of a cord. It must be accompanied by a bill of sale in accordance with requirements of the Missouri Department of Agriculture's Weights and Measures Division.

As defined by the National Conference on Weights and Measures and Missouri rules and regulations, a gross cord of firewood is the amount of wood, ranked and well stowed, contained in a space of cubic feet. Other descriptions of volumes of cordwood such as rick, rank, pickup load, and face cord should not be used. The only legal terms are "cord" and fractions of a cord.

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To transfer a load of cordwood equitably, the buyer and seller must jointly measure the pile of wood. This is probably best done when the wood tightly stacked is still on the truck or conveyance vehicle. A seller should prepare a price list, preferably on a printed sheet, to distribute to potential buyers Example below. After reviewing the pricing list, she decides the inch length is acceptable.

She tells the seller to dump the wood at the north end of the driveway. She and her husband will transfer the wood to a backyard location and stack it as a weekend project. The seller arrives with his load on the appointed date.

The buyer and seller jointly measure the three dimensions of the load to the closest inch.

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The load measures as follows:. The transaction is completed and the seller conveys "Bill of Sale" to the buyer and dumps load of wood. The second best plan is to order the wood you need in the spring for the following burning season. This gives a shorter drying period but includes the best drying months. Assume all wood you buy is "green" wood not air dried and treat it as such.

That is, air dry it before use. The species of wood you receive makes a significant difference. The potential heat value of wood is directly proportional to its weight, and there is wide variation in weight for equal volumes of wood.

For example, a cord of pine weighs about 2, pounds at 20 percent moisture content. An equal volume of oak weighs about 3, pounds at 20 percent moisture content. The pine, therefore, has about 73 percent the potential heat value as the oak, yet you may have paid the same price for the wood.

The term "mixed hardwoods" has very little meaning because many hardwoods grow in Missouri.

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Some have high densities and others, such as cottonwood and silver maple, have relatively low densities. If you can identify the woods, it makes sense to lower the price if the load is predominantly a less dense species. The question you should ask about any cord of firewood is, "What is the Btu potential per cord? In Missouri, we do not need to be too concerned about species make-up because the most common species cut for firewood are red and white oak, hickory, and ash.

They are all relatively heavy woods and are considered to be among the best cordwood species. Most people don't specify cordwood by species. Buyers are generally unaware of this important characteristic and buy primarily on faith. The Missouri Department of Weights and Measures "Uniform Regulations for the Method of Sale of Commodities, " states, "A representation any advertisement, offering or invoice may include a declaration of identity that indicates the species group Example: Such a representation shall indicate, within 10 percent accuracy, the percentage of each group.

Moisture content is another important factor to consider if you use wood as an energy source and want to operate at maximum efficiency. When trees are cut, wood contains a lot of water.

This quantity of water is generally called the "green moisture content. Some hardwood species are as low as 50 percent and others are more than percent moisture content. After cordwood is cut to length, split, and stacked in a sunny and well ventilated spot, it loses moisture rapidly.

Wood dried for one year may be near the 20 percent moisture content. At this level, it is considered air dried. When you buy wood, assume it is green and dry accordingly. Few dealers stack firewood and hold it for a year because they are generally not compensated adequately, if at all, for this effort.

The drying then is up to you, the buyer, if you think the effort is worth the gain. Green wood will burn in a stove. Contrary to popular thought, it is not responsible for the deposit of creosote on the lining of your chimney. Green wood does burn more slowly then air dried wood and may be somewhat slower on the "uptake" when you start a fire. If you burn green wood, you stand to lose 10 to 12 percent of the original heat potential of the wood.

Insects can cause damage or be bothersome when you store wood. Pests include wood borers round and flat head wood beetles , wood roaches, and termites. People who often use wood to heat their homes usually have had experience with wood borers. In the summertime you can frequently hear the borers chewing wood in most older wood piles.

Once borers become established in a wood pile, they can reduce its weight by 20 to 30 percent per year. This means that from the standpoint of borer damage, it is probably not a good idea to hold your wood outside for more than a year or two at most.

If you can delay felling trees cut for cordwood until after the first frost, your wood will be relatively free of wood borers for at least the first year. The adult borers do not fly after the first frost and thus do not infest the logs. If adequate drying takes place before spring, the adult borer will be less attracted to the wood. We are not advocating that everyone should always wait for a frost before cutting trees for cordwood. However, it is a good idea to consider this as an option in your time schedule.

People frequently ask about the consequences of bringing borers inside the home with the cordwood. Borers do not reproduce inside nor do they contaminate the wood of your home. Their normal habitat is outside. Inside, they emerge from the wood as adults and die within a short time. The worst scenario is that you will sweep or pick up a few adult borers where the wood is piled.

Wood roaches can be bothersome when you store wood inside the house. Wood roaches seem to inhabit an outdoor wood pile after the bark loosens. It usually takes one or more years of outside storage for bark to loosen. It loosens because the wood shrinks as it loses moisture.

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The action of bark beetles and other insects also loosens the bark. Wood roaches are not the "common house roach" usually associated with dirt and filth. Even though wood roaches look like cockroaches, they are completely out of their environment inside the house.

Like wood borers, they don't reproduce and multiply inside the house. Instead, they either die or seek passage to the outside. They may enter the home in the fall or during heavy rains and may also be carried in on firewood.

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Winged males are attracted to lights. They generally do not become a persistent problem in homes. Termites may infest wood piles, especially if they are stacked on the ground.

The degree of infestation and damage usually depends on location and time. For example, wood piled on a concrete or asphalt pad may be somewhat protected from termite damage. Termites, like wood borers, can reduce the heating potential of cordwood.

It is not wise to pile your cordwood against your house, especially a house with a wood exterior. This could not only discolor the exterior, but more importantly, it could promote entry of termites into the wood structure of your home. You as a buyer have a high degree of control over the efficiency of cordwood procurement and wood preparation before burning. Properly purchased, handled and prepared wood can create a much more pleasant operation and can save money on your heating bill.

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Reviewed October G, How to Buy and Sell Cordwood Web access only Printer-friendly version of this page Guidelines to reprint or copy Contents Volume transfer: Find publications Search MU Extension publications.

Find MU Extension on. Lengths, added cost per cord All wood cut to 20 inches unless buyer specifies otherwise. Transfer and stacking After measurement of the load of cordwood on the truck, it will be standard procedure to dump the load at a point accessible to the truck and mutually agreed upon by the parties to the transaction.

If the buyer wishes to have the wood transferred beyond the dump point or stacked, costs will be as follows. Note The loads may be a maximum of 10 percent more or less of the amount of wood ordered. The buyer will not be required to pay for quantities in excess of 10 percent and may ask the seller to deliver appropriate quantities to bring the total delivery to within the minus 10 percent limit at regular no special cost.

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